Papers by Magnun Vieira
Annoying odours have become a major environmental and public health issue in recent decades, espe... more Annoying odours have become a major environmental and public health issue in recent decades, especially in densely populated areas. For this reason, environmental odours are a matter of global concern and have received increasing attention in Brazil. However, Brazilian authorities lack the regulatory instruments to prevent or mitigate such impacts. More specifically, at the national level, there is no legislation establishing odour exposure limits (acceptability criteria) based on the FIDOL factors (i.e., frequency, intensity, duration, offensiveness and location) that determine the magnitude of the effect experienced by the receptor, which may be an individual or a group of individuals in a community exposed to environmental odours. Moreover, except for the state of Parana (in the southern) and the municipality of Uberlândia (in the southeast part of the country), no methodology based on olfactometry (i.e., the measured response of a jury to an olfactory stimulus) is neither standa...
Pragmatic evaluation of odour emissions from a rendering plant in southern Brazil
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016
In the food industry and linked activities, environmental impacts relate mainly to the generation... more In the food industry and linked activities, environmental impacts relate mainly to the generation of liquid and gaseous effluents. Rendering plants, which process animal by-products, are strongly associated with malodorous emissions. Thus, effective odour-control technologies are required to minimise odour annoyance in nearby communities and thereby public complaints. In this paper, the effectiveness of a biofilter for the treatment of odours from a meat-rendering plant located in southern Brazil was evaluated based on German guideline VDI 3477:2004-11. Samples were collected upstream and downstream of the gas treatment system using a pragmatic approach in order to minimise the cost of such a study. Odour concentration was determined according to European standard EN 13725:2003. The results showed an OER of 8.82 × 108 ouE h−1 and odour removal efficiency lower than the established benchmark set by SEMA Resolution 054/2006, taken as reference for being the only Brazilian regulation t...
27º Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental
Os odores sempre estão associados às atividades industriais, com destaque para as atividades rela... more Os odores sempre estão associados às atividades industriais, com destaque para as atividades relacionadas à agroindústria, processamento de petróleo e papeleira. Além disso, as estações de tratamento de efluentes (ETE) domésticos, dada a sua proximidade com as comunidades, em muitos casos, também são apontadas como importantes unidades no que se refere a incômodo olfativo. O presente trabalho avaliou, olfatometricamente, as diferentes etapas do tratamento de efluentes numa ETE municipal bem como a percepção odorante no entorno de uma indústria de processamento de petróleo (foras dos limites da planta). Os resultados do estudo na ETE apontaram grande de diferença de resposta por parte dos jurados, mas sempre indicando, de fato, que as unidades mais afetadas (em termos de odor) são principalmente aquelas iniciais no processo de tratamento. No caso da indústria, as regiões sob influência da direção predominante dos ventos de fato foram as mais afetadas.
(Assessment of CO, NO, NOx and SO2 emissions from combustion in single cylinder engine of diesel ... more (Assessment of CO, NO, NOx and SO2 emissions from combustion in single cylinder engine of diesel and biodiesel oil frying mixtures) The aim of the study is to determine the concentration of the gases CO, NO, NOx and SO2 from combustion of pure diesel (B0), biodiesel from waste frying oil (B100) and their blends (B2, B5, B10 and B50). For this, a single cylinder agricultural engine, diesel cycle, four times, and 9 horsepower (hp) of power at maximum 2000 rpm (Tobata manufacturing, TR 9 model) was utilized. The motor feeding was performed with different blends of diesel and biodiesel (B0, B2, B5, B10, B50 and B100). Analyses were performed directly from the exhaust system (without catalytic filter) engine with two exhaust gas analyzers. Fifteen minutes analyses were carried out for each mixture, with 3 minutes intervals between readings. Results show a decrease in the concentration of CO and SO2 and an increase of NO and NOx due to the addition of biodiesel to diesel fuel.
Odor characterization of a wetland area in Florianópolis (Brazil) through olfactometric analyses.... more Odor characterization of a wetland area in Florianópolis (Brazil) through olfactometric analyses.The disposal of domestic residue, especially of sewage, in natural wetland areas, is common in coastal cities. These effluents, highly concentrated in organic matter, alter significantly the ecosystem’s natural dynamics, leading to a great variety in its physical and chemical conditions. Anoxic conditions tend to prevail due to the oxygen consumption by microorganisms working on degrading the excess load of organic matter. The activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria produce H2S (an extremely odorous gas), which is the main source of odors in these areas. Environmental odors are inherent parts of any given situation or process and may provoke an array of reactions. This is a frequent cause of public environmental discomfort. In Brazil, there are no standard practices established for olfactometry (the measurement of a jury response to an olfactory stimulus). This makes it important that standard academic methodologies are established on this matter. Thus, this paper had the objective of applying different olfactometric methodologies (based on international standards) to characterize the odors emitted by one of Brazil largest wetlands, in the city of Florianópolis (SC). In this case study, the following methodologies were applied: odor intensity, concentration and hedonic tone. These proved satisfactory to represent the odor situation in the studied ecosystem, pointing, mainly, to the high intensity of odors in the surrounding areas.
27º Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental
Na indústria alimentícia, os principais impactos ambientais relacionam-se, principalmente, à gera... more Na indústria alimentícia, os principais impactos ambientais relacionam-se, principalmente, à geração considerável de efluentes líquidos e gasosos, dada a própria natureza do processo. Nesse caso, um setor que merece destaque é o das graxarias. Trata-se de indústrias que processam subprodutos e resíduos de origem animal e cujo processo está fortemente associado à emissão de substâncias odorantes na atmosfera. O presente trabalho contempla a avaliação da eficiência do sistema de tratamento de efluentes gasosos de uma graxaria composto por um biofiltro e um lavador de gases. A avaliação dá-se por olfatometria de diluição dinâmica (ODD) para determinação da concentração odorante dos gases à montante e jusante do sistema de tratamento, de acordo com as normas VDI 3477/2004 e EN 13.725/2003. Os resultados apontaram uma taxa de emissão odorante bem superior ao Padrão Máximo de Emissão (PME) odorante estabelecido pela Resolução SEMA Nº 054/2006, do estado do Paraná (tomada como referência por ser a única no país a estabelecer limites baseados em procedimentos olfatométricos) e uma taxa de remoção odorante de apenas 75%. A introdução de ar externo no sistema de tratamento pode ter prejudicado o tratamento e resultou em um drástico aumento na taxa de emissão odorante.
Este trabalho visa caracterizar e avaliar a eficiência de um lavador de gases no tratamento dos e... more Este trabalho visa caracterizar e avaliar a eficiência de um lavador de gases no tratamento dos efluentes gasosos de um restaurante através de análises físico-químicas e olfatométricas. A unidade de estudo foi um restaurante de alto padrão localizado no município de Florianópolis. Recentemente este restaurante enfrentou problemas com o órgão fiscalizador ambiental municipal, devido à forte reclamação por parte na população circunvizinha, em relação à emissão de odores. A metodologia aplicada consistiu na medição da vazão e coleta de amostras na entrada e na saída do lavador de gases do restaurante para posterior análise físico-química e olfatométrica em laboratório. As análises foram realizadas no . A avaliação da eficiência do tratamento realizado pelo equipamento de controle de efluentes gasosos deu-se em função da remoção de compostos orgânicos voláteis (COV) e odores. As amostras foram coletadas através de bombas diafragma (pressão/vácuo) utilizando-se sacos Tedlar (material inerte). Na realização das análises físico-químicas utilizou-se a técnica de dessorção térmica acoplada a um equipamento de cromatografia gasosa com detecção por espectrometria de massa. A análise olfatométrica envolveu a caracterização do odor através dos parâmetros: intensidade, hedonicidade, limite de percepção olfativa (concentração) e caráter do odor, com a utilização de um júri de odores através de metodologias internacionais. Os resultados confirmam que hidrocarbonetos e aldeídos são compostos tipicamente gerados no processo de cocção de alimentos em cozinhas profissionais, destacando o potencial poluidor deste tipo de atividade produtiva caso não se apliquem dispositivos de controle. O lavador de gases avaliado mostrou-se eficiente na remoção de alguns grupos de compostos orgânicos, no entanto pode ter tido sua eficiência prejudicada pelo emprego excessivo de surfactantes no líquido de lavagem, ressaltando que cuidados na operação devem ser tomados para o bom funcionamento do equipamento de controle. Ainda assim, o efluente gerado atende a legislação ambiental referente a odores.
São diversas as técnicas que podem ser aplicadas para o tratamento de efluentes gasosos industria... more São diversas as técnicas que podem ser aplicadas para o tratamento de efluentes gasosos industriais. Dentre as Mais utilizadas estão os lavadores de gases e os biofiltros. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal a avaliação da eficácia e o grau de eficiência na remoção de odores de diferentes equipamentos de tratamento de efluentes gasosos industriais. Dentre as indústrias avaliadas estão uma metalúrgica, uma química, uma petroquímica e duas alimentícias. Os quatorze sistemas de tratamento avaliados incluem: nove lavadores ciclônicos; um lavador do tipo hidrofiltro; um sistema de dois lavadores de pratos em série; um sistema de dois lavadores ciclônicos em série; e dois biofiltros. Foram coletadas amostras de gás na entrada e na saída de cada sistema de tratamento, em triplicata. As amostras foram então transportadas ao laboratório e a sua concentração odorante foi medida utilizando o olfatômetro dinâmico Odile 2006, marca Odotech, com seis jurados treinados e calibrados. Também ...
The wastewater treatment station (WWTS) by wetlands consists of a physic-biological system with p... more The wastewater treatment station (WWTS) by wetlands consists of a physic-biological system with part of the filtering formed by plants and projected according to the filtering soil principle. The elements that constitute the medium, in this case the soil, microorganisms and plants, are responsible for the organic matter and the sewage odor compounds degradation. This study employed the static and dynamic olfactometry methodologies to evaluate the treated effluents odor removal in two stations by root-zone wetlands in rural communities in Irati (PR). Olfactometry results were compared to the effluents physic-chemical analysis, and parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and pH were taken into account. Results revealed DO increase and COD removal in the treated effluents. Olfactometric analyses pointed to noticeable levels of odor in the treated effluents; however, there was significant reduction in the odor intensity of exit effluents in relation to the entrance ones. In general, the wastewater treatment station through wetlands showed efficient to the removal of odor compounds, as well as the removal or organic matter from the medium.
The study aims to assess carbonyl compounds and odorant concentration in emissions from the combu... more The study aims to assess carbonyl compounds and odorant concentration in emissions from the combustion of low sulfur diesel (Euro IV) and diesel blends with 2-methoxy acetate (MEA). The experiments were conducted at 20% load, average power of 1.5 kW and constant speed of 3600 rpm. We quantified CO, NO and NOx using a Tempest 100 portable combustion analyser. Olfactometric analysis were performed with a dynamic dilution olfactometer (Odile, Odotech Inc.). Thirteen carbonyl compounds were identified and quantified using the US-EPA TO-11A methodology. Results demonstrate significant relationships between the emission of carbonyl compounds, CO, and NOx with odour concentration. The addition of MEA increased odorant concentration, emission of carbonyl and CO. However, it has reduced NO and NOx emissions.
Thesis Chapters by Magnun Vieira
Nuisances caused by odours have become a major environmental problem in recent decades. Odorous e... more Nuisances caused by odours have become a major environmental problem in recent decades. Odorous emissions can cause serious impacts on community well-being and quality of life. Thus, appropriate regulatory tools are needed to prevent or mitigate such impacts. In this context, an approach of legal procedures for odour nuisance control is proposed, in view of the Brazilian reality. For that, a bibliographical and documental research about the various elements that make up the environmental issues related to odour emissions is performed, including a survey of the current laws and regulations on atmospheric pollution and odours. The analysis of the national regulatory framework revealed that, in general, requirements for odour control nuisance are based on the principles of the Common Law and pointed out the limitations of the currently employed approaches. The approach proposed in this work provides for the adoption of the Best Available Techniques and considers the different factors that affect odour impacts, collectively known as FIDOL (Frequency, Intensity, Duration, Offensiveness and Location). It also includes community participation in the assessment of the perceived impacts. More specifically, the proposed approach is based on the establishment of guidelines for Minimum Separation Distances, Maximum Emission Standards, Maximum Impact Standards and Maximum Annoyance Standards. Methods for odour impact assessment in the environmental permitting process of potentially polluting facilities and procedures for investigating odour complaints are also included. It is hoped that this work could contribute to the dissemination of knowledge in the field of olfactometry and collaborate for the development of public policies for odour nuisance control in Brazil.
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Papers by Magnun Vieira
Thesis Chapters by Magnun Vieira